Case studies are a useful way for you to apply your knowledge of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic aspects of pharmacology to specific patient cases and health histories. 

For your week 2 assignment, evaluate drug treatment plans for patients with various disorders and justify drug therapy plans based on patient history and diagnosis. 

To Prepare: 

• Review assignment rubric and case studies. Be sure to thoroughly answer ALL questions.
• Explain the problem and discuss how you would address the problem.
• When recommending medications, write out a complete prescription for each medication. A complete prescription includes the following information:  drug, dose, route, frequency, duration (if applicable), quantity, # of refills and indication for use.  An example of a complete prescription is as follows: lisinopril 10mg #30 tabs, take 1 tab PO once daily for high blood pressure, refills: 2.
• Answer questions using your required learning resources, clinical practice guidelines, Medscape, etc.
• Include at least three references to support each scenario and cite them in APA format. Please include in-text citations. You do not need an introduction or conclusion paragraph.

SCENARIO 1 

Why are cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) important in drug metabolism? The majority of medications are metabolized by what CYP enzyme? Utilizing the Medscape pill identifier, enter the following characteristics to identify the medication. What CYP enzyme metabolizes this medication? Write a sample prescription for it. 

Imprint (ATO 40) Shape (Oval) Color (White) Form (Tablet) Scoring (None) 

SCENARIO 2 

JS is a 56-year-old female presenting with redness, warmth and tingling sensation in her neck and face. Current medications include semaglutide (Ozempic) 0.5 mg SC qWeek and Niacin 1,000 mg BID. She is 5’4” and weighs 175 lbs. Fasting lipid profile shows total cholesterol 200, LDL cholesterol 110, and Triglycerides 150. Blood pressure readings of 139/91 and 140/89. What is the patient’s HDL? BMI? What are goal Total Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and Triglyceride levels for JS? What treatment plan would you implement (include complete medication orders)? How would you monitor the effectiveness of your treatment plan? How many risk factors for coronary artery disease does she have? Identify them specifically. 

SCENARIO 3 

CL is a 48-year-old African American male with blood pressure readings today of 159/91 and 165/95. He states he is taking Advil Cold & Sinus for a cold x 1 week. 

Additional medications include adalimumab 40 mg subcutaneous injection every other week, Wellbutrin XL 300 mg daily and pantoprazole 40 mg daily 30 minutes before breakfast. How would you treat CL? What would you prescribe (include complete medication order)? What is his goal blood pressure per JNC 8? 

SCENARIO 4 

Does nitroglycerin have a high or low first pass effect? Please discuss why this is important to know and how it relates to bioavailability. What route has 100% bioavailability? In addition to parenterally, how can this medication be given to counter the first pass effect? Write a sample prescription for this medication. 

Answer

Why are cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) important in drug metabolism?

• CYP enzymes are responsible for the oxidative metabolism of a majority of medications, affecting drug activation and clearance.
• The most significant CYP enzyme is CYP3A4, which metabolizes approximately 50% of all drugs…… Click below to purchase full solution